0x0800 is IPv4, 0x0806 is ARP), 46 bytes of minimum payload (for IPv4 this includes any IP header, plus UDP or TCP headers, plus a very small amount of data. A true “minimum-sized” frame on Ethernet consists of a 12 byte inter-frame gap, 8 bytes of MAC preamble + SFD, 14 bytes of MAC header (6 bytes source address, 6 bytes destination address, 2 bytes of Ethernet ‘type’ (e.g. Importantly, this doesn’t count some additional framing overhead on Ethernet. On Ethernet, the smallest frame size is 64 bytes, and if you look at router or switch literature very long, you’ll see reports of “64 byte packets”. Obviously, the smallest packet size will lead to the largest PPS rate, IF the system can handle it. This metric is known as ‘Packets per Second’ or PPS. However it is also important to make sure that the device has the capacity or the ability to switch/route as many packets as required to achieve wire rate performance. When evaluating or measuring an Ethernet device’s (switches, routers, firewalls) performance capabilities, the main indicator that most will consider is the raw bandwidth that the device backplane can provide. This is basically the FreeBSD fastforward code ported to run in userspace over netmap. The tryforward() code should make it into pfSense version 2.3.Īlso at BSDCon Brazil, Luiz Otavio Souza, a pfSense developer and FreeBSD src commiter, presented on his recent work, “netmap-forward: An IPv4 router over netmap for FreeBSD”. While this doesn’t improve the speed of IPsec, it does allows us to be rid of the fake fastforwarding path and have good forwarding in the normal case while also having IPSEC in the kernel. vs the normal (non-fastforward) kernel path), and also results in functioning IPsec. Importantly, tryforward() both improves the reception of packets on the box (around a 1% hit. Since this isn’t controlled by a sysctl, it is “always on”. The tryforward code replaces the fastforward path with a tryforward() function. Enabling this feature via “sysctl -w .fastforwarding=1” on FreeBSD, or via System > Advanced > System Tunables on pfSense, improves forwarding, but at the expense of reception of packets on the box (a 4% hit compared to fastforwarding=0), and, more importantly for pfSense, disabling IPsec. With some luck, these will also be present in FreeBSD 10.3-RELEASE, when it occurs.įreeBSD has had a ‘turbo’ button of sorts since 2003. The IPSec changes are already in -CURRENT, and the MFC to -STABLE has been accomplished in our FreeBSD tree on github. The most recent developments here are the big improvement in IPsec performance with AES-NI support (1270 Mbps throughput, single stream, for AES-GCM with a 128-bit key on a pair of ~3GHz E5 Xeon CPUs), and the introduction of ‘tryforward’ to FreeBSD. This is our continuing series reporting on a continual, longitudinal study of networking performance in FreeBSD and pfSense. All along that way, (over 27,000 miles or 43,400 km), I’ve enjoyed having Groff, the BSD Goat as a traveling companion, and meeting many great BSD and pfSense people in each location.Īt vBSDcon, EuroBSDcon and BSDCon Brazil, either George Neville-Neil or I spoke on, “Measure Twice, Code Once”. It’s great to see this type of response to pfSense in the world.ĭuring the past month, I’ve attended vBSDcon 2015 in Virginia, USA, EuroBSDcon 2015 in Stockholm, Sweden, and BSDCon Brazil 2015, in Fortaleza, Brazil. Renato reported that the room for his talk was full, and that many people wanted to talk after. Last week Renato Botelho do Couto, a pfSense® developer and FreeBSD ports committer, presented a talk on pfSense at Lantinoware. PfSense Fundamentals and Advanced Application Navy deploys pfSense Plus software on the Netgate 1537 and AWS Cloud for network security and management.
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